The translation of the Japanese word 'kata' is 'form'. A kata (or a form) consists of a predefined sequence of karate defences and attacks (about 20 to 60 in number), against a number of imaginary opponents (between about 8 and 20). Within the Shotokan style of karate there are 26 different katas which are learnt throughout your training (see the Kata List page). Only twelve of the katas are learnt before you reach black belt, and the remaining 14 are learnt after black belt as you progress through the different levels of black belt (Dan) grades.

Although a kata consists of a predetermined sequence of techniques, against imaginary opponents, it is not merely a dance routine. In fact, it could be said that:

"A BADLY PERFORMED KATA, IS LITTLE MORE THAN A DANCE ROUTINE OR AEROBICS!"

A kata that is performed well is much more than a physical exercise aimed at improving fitness, strength, speed or memory! In karate, katas play a much more important role including the awareness of opponents and the application of basic techniques.

In order to carry out a kata properly, each of the techniques must be carried out as though it is against a real (not an imaginary) opponent. Similarly the application of each technique and its effect on the opponent must be understood, so that the kata can be performed 'realistically'. Also, when a kata is performed the student must show awareness of the (imaginary) opponents. Again when performing a kata you must actually think of your opponents as real opponents (sometimes with weapons) and be aware of them as such.

If a kata is performed well, it should be possible to make any spectators (or competition judges) also aware of when and where the 'imaginary' opponents are attacking. In other words katas can (and should) bring imaginary opponents and fight situations to life and all the techniques of a kata should be carried out as though the imaginary opponents and the fight situation is actually real.